Title | Neuroprotective effects of hypothermia in inflammatory-sensitized hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2016 |
Auteurs | Chevin, M, Guiraut, C, Maurice-Gélinas, C, Deslauriers, J, Grignon, S, Sébire, G |
Journal | Int J Dev Neurosci |
Volume | 55 |
Pagination | 1-8 |
Date Published | 2016 Dec |
ISSN | 1873-474X |
Keywords | Animals, Animals, Newborn, Body Temperature, Catalase, Cytokines, Disease Models, Animal, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Glutathione Peroxidase, Hypothermia, Induced, Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain, Inflammation, Lipopolysaccharides, Rats, Rats, Inbred Lew, Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Superoxide Dismutase-1, Time Factors |
Abstract | BACKGROUND: Despite the recent introduction of hypothermia as a mandatory standard of care, the incidence of neonatal encephalopathy in full-term newborns and its devastating neuro-behavioral outcomes continues to be a major individual, familial and social issue. Neonatal encephalopathy is mainly due to the compounding and interacting effects of hypoxia-ischemia and inflammation resulting from placental and other perinatal infections. It is unclear why hypothermia is effective in alleviating neonatal encephalopathy in some, but not all, full-term newborns. However, newborns exposed to inflammatory-sensitized hypoxia-ischemia seem to have less therapeutic benefit from hypothermia than those exposed to hypoxia-ischemia alone.OBJECTIVES: To clarify this uncertainty, we tested the efficacy of hypothermia in a double-hit model of neonatal encephalopathy induced by inflammatory-sensitized hypoxia-ischemia.METHODS: Using a rat preclinical model of endotoxin plus hypoxia-ischemia-induced neonatal encephalopathy of term newborns, we assessed the following in pups exposed (or not) to hypothermia: the extent of brain injuries and the expressions of molecules implicated in neural cell death, namely: pro-inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinase-9, antioxidant enzymes, as well as receptor-interacting protein-3.RESULTS: Hypothermia was neuroprotective on inflammatory-sensitized hypoxia-ischemia-induced penumbra, but not core, brain injuries. This beneficial effect was associated with a hypothermia-induced increase of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase-1, glutathione peroxidase-1), but was not associated with any variations of the other inflammatory mediators tested, namely: interleukin-1β, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, tumor necrosis factor-α and matrix metalloproteinase-9.CONCLUSION: Hypothermia is neuroprotective against inflammatory-sensitized hypoxia-ischemia possibly through a hypothermia-induced increase of antioxidant enzymes. This neuroprotective effect seems to be independent of the interleukin-1 system. |
DOI | 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2016.09.002 |
Alternate Journal | Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. |
PubMed ID | 27616300 |